Constellation-and-eye-diagram-qpsk This paper depicts the strong contribution of the Apex Technolgoies Optical Complex Spectrum Analyser AP2441B/AP2443B in characterising and evaluating 43 Gb/s DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Shift Keying) modulators thanks to its ability to display the phase eye pattern and the constellation. Low-drive-voltage (3.5 V) and uniform modulation characteristics of MZIs (Mach Zehnder Modulators) were achieved with Z-cut dual-drive nested-MZIs...
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Effects of chirp induction mechanism on spectral broadening in LiNbO3 modulators using Optical Complex Spectrum Analyser
MZI-time-resolved-chirp-and-inetensity-measurement The spectrum of a chirped optical NRZ data stream obtained by an external Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM) is analysed using the Apex Technologies Optical Complex Spectrum Analyzer AP2441B/AP2443B. We demonstrate that it is possible to induce chirp without broadening the optical spectrum by employing a MZM with optical power unbalancing in the two waveguides. For standard chirped MZM (different... -
Optical intensity and chirp measurement of a Mach-Zehnder Electro-optic travelling wave modulators with Optical Complex Spectrum Analyser
Instensity-and-chirp-temporal-parameters-of-a-MZI-modulator The discussion exposed in this paper is based on a synthesis of several elements collected in some publications dealing with fundamental characteristics of Mach-Zehnder electro-optic travelling wave intensity modulators. We draw an analysis of the optical response of these modulators to a time varying drive voltage, modelised after a description of their technological conception. Then we review the... -
Optical Complex Spectrum Analyser AP2441B/AP2443B : High efficient tool for any kind of usual modulation format measurements
40gbs-qpsk-modulationptical Complex Spectrum Analyzer Application Notes This application note proves the high efficiency of the Apex Technologies Optical Complex Spectrum Analyser AP2441B/AP2443B in measuring and testing any kind of usual modulation formats. Compared to a standard oscilloscope, the Optical Complex Spectrum Analyser AP2441B/AP2443B has a maximum bandwidth >6 THz due the complex spectral analysis principle giving access to the... -
Ultra High Resolution Optical Spectrum Analyser/Optical Complex Spectrum Analyser for Characterising and Evaluating Optical Frequency Comb Sources
Comb-pulse-and-chirp-measurement This paper is devoted to present the capacity of the Apex Technologies High Resolution Optical Spectrum Analyser/Optical Complex Spectrum Analyser to show clearly all the Optical Comb sidebands even with a few tens of MHz spacing. Two commercial Optical Frequency Comb Sources (OFCS) are evaluated by the equipment in order to verify the main specifications mentioned in OFCS datasheets... -
80Gb/s Multi-Level BPSK experiment with an InPMonolithic Source Based on Prefixed Optical Phase Switching
Multi-level BPSK phase and power sequence (upper), constellation with transitions and tributary eye (lower) of the generated 80Gb/s sign Improved-speed full-monolithic BPSK transmitter based on prefixed phase switching by fast Electro-Absorption Modulators has been realized on InP using a Selective Area Growth integrating circuit technology. It has been used in 80Gb/s multi-level BPSK format modulation experiments. Simplicity, speed scalability... -
Optical Complex Spectrum Analyser principle
Optical-complex-spectrum-anlyser-principle This paper explains clearly the patented method used by the Apex Technologies Optical Complex Spectrum Analyzer AP2441B/AP2443B developed in collaboration with France Telecom scientists. It is based upon a spectral analysis of the optical field; it extracts the amplitude and the phase of each frequency component (whereas classic optical spectrum analysers measure only the power spectral density, giving... -
Ultra High Resolution Optical Spectrum Analyser used for the generation of coherent Dual-Polarisation Multi-Band OFDM signals
Optical spectrum of a 100 Gbps DP-MB-OFDM measured by the High Resolution Optical Spectrum Analyser The Apex Technologies Ultra High Resolution Optical Spectrum Analyser is a high efficient tool for generating and adjusting coherent Dual-Polarisation Multi-Band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DP-MB-OFDM) signals. This paper shows an experimental comparison of the DP-MB-OFDM signals and Quadrature Phase Shift Keying QPSK for... -
64-QAM-encoded Optical OFDM signal spectrum measurement using High Resolution Optical Spectrum Analysers
Real-time 64-QAM-encoded OOFDM signal spectra at the output of the VCSEL intensity modulator with equal power loading and adaptive power loading using High Resolution Optical Spectrum Analyser. This paper shows the contribution of the Apex Technologies High Resolution Optical Spectrum Anlyser in evaluating low-cost, un-cooled vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) as intensity modulators in real-time optical OFDM (OOFDM) transceivers. ... -
Ultra High Resolution Optical Spectrum Analyser used for Generation of Coherent Multi-Carrier Signals by Gain Switching of Discrete Mode Lasers
Expanded frequency optical comb spectrum measured by APEX Technologies High Resolution Optical Spectrum Analyser This paper shows the utility of the Apex Technologies High Resolution Optical Spectrum Analyser AP2040/AP2050 series in the generation of a highly coherent multi-carrier signals. It consists on eight clearly resolved 10.7GHz coherent sidebands generated within 3dB of the spectral envelope peak and with an...